The Economic And Social Changes During The 1960s Under The...

Life in America began to undergo great economic and social changes during the 1980s under the Reagan Administration. During this period of time, stagflation began to distress the US economy, leaving millions of Americans to fall victim to homelessness and poverty. The unemployment rate had reached its highest peak since the Great Depression, creating a major crisis for low-income families and other individuals concerning living conditions. The introduction of Reaganism into society primarily focused on reducing the growth of government spending through the modulation of federal income tax and reduction of government regulation to diminish inflation. Despite all attempts for economic recovery, the US struggled to bounce back from the 1970s recession and in time led to the significant rise in urban poverty. Uniquely, an American film director from the 1980s by the name of John Carpenter produced a science-fiction film, They Live, that served as a powerful and eye-opening depiction of h is own personal views of Reaganism (Reaganomics). He essentially depicts our world to be controlled by powerful elites who have created a repressive society that we are unwilling brought to live and build in. He also clarifies how the majority of Americans during the 1980s were focused primarily on materialism and how an individual’s â€Å"success† was measured by the amount of money they possessed. Carpenter’s major criticisms of 1980s America included the impact of consumerism in America as well asShow MoreRelatedTax and Reagan1575 Words   |  7 Pagesconservatism in social, economic and political life in the 80’s. In the 1980 bid for President, Reagan won the Republican nomination after two failed attempts in 1968 and 1976. Although Ronald Reagan once held Democratic views, he grew more conservative and he official took the side of the Republicans in the 1960’s. Reagans domestic views were the change Americans were looking for and Reagan, al ong with his running mate George H.W Bush, won the 1980 election. In his 1981 inauguration, Reagans famous wordsRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union862 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Eisenhower to Reagan, US administrations aimed to maintain their territory and population safe without compromising its empire figure. Most of the policies and decisions made during the Cold War period can be understood under the Realism theory, as the presidents and other relevant parts of the government such as the CIA engaged in different activities to stop the potential world domination of the communist block, even if it meant the dead of thousands of Latin Americans under repressive and militaryRead MorePost Liberal Era Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pages The Post Liberal Era begins with the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Although Ronald Reagan was one of the most popular president in United States history, the years he served were not beloved by many. One example of this was Reverend Jerry Falwell. Reverend Falwell believed that â€Å"our grand old flag from going down the drain.† according to the Reverend Jerry Falwell, Moral Majority Fundraising Letter. He was against homosexual people and the distribution of pornography and R/X rated movies. He seemedRead MoreTinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School District1155 Words   |  5 Pagesanother state and have the procedure done. So Norma McCorvey decided to sue the state of Texas claiming that her constitutional rights were being taken away from her. The state court ruled in favor of McCorvey but it was not a strong enough verdict to change the arrests of abortion doctors in Texas because the exact part of the Constitution that dealt indirectly with the right to privacy could not be pinpointed, and so Norma McCorvey and her lawyer, Sarah Weddington, decided to take it to the SupremeRead MoreFederalism And Cities From The Middle Of The Twentieth Century1291 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan giving less money with mor e demands. During the Reagan administration the amount of funding was cut using the justification of shrinking a bloated federal government. This continued through George H.W. Bush. Bill Clinton and George W. 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One particular high-profile issue was the Iranian Hostage Crisis where, â€Å"Iranian students stormed the U.S embassy in Tehran and took 53 Americans hostage,† and the attempted rescue of said hostages which resulted in a collision between two helicopters and eight deadRead More Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder835 Words   |  4 Pagespassed the 1935 Soc ial Security Act, providing retired persons pensions and benefits for the unemployed and disabled. In addition to Social Security, the government also established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration in 1933 which provided states with money for the needy. The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was state-administered and federally funded, another example of state dependence on the national government. The Works Progress Administration is one of the multitudeRead More Nicaraguan Politics and Government Essay4652 Words   |  19 Pagesturmoil, social tension and economic dismay. The turmoil’s that have shaken the country make it plausible to believe that by some metaphysical law, Nicaraguan politics have accommodated to nature’s tantrums. Like its diverse, rugged and seismically active geology, the country’s politics have been irregular, impulsive and often explosive (Pastor, 15). The Nicaraguan election of February 25, 1990 represents the country’s attempt to break from its turbulent political past and pursue economic and politicalRead MoreThe Fall of the Liberal Consensus Essay1919 Words   |  8 Pagesconservatism with the election of President Reagan in 1980. The question must be posed, how in the course of 15 years did liberal consensus fall apart and conservatism rise to the forefront? What were the decisive factors that caused the fracturing of what seem ed to be such a powerful political force? In looking at the period from 1968 to the triumph of Reagan in 1980, America was shaken to the core by the Watergate scandal, the stalling of economic growth, gas shortages, and the Vietnam War.Read MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming

The Number Of English Language Learners - 1973 Words

The number of English Language Learners has increased at a rapid rate over the last decade and will double in the upcoming twenty years. With growing changes in student demographics, one must question if changes should be made to teacher training to better prepare them to step into the classroom. Through this process, students demonstrated that a multicultural classroom environment is beneficial for both students and teachers, and the need for more teacher training programs that promote cultural sensitivity and bilingualism. Benefits of the multicultural training course for future teachers include identifying and understanding social issues through course readings, class discussions and fieldwork experience while students develop positive self-image and learn to live in a multicultural society. The number of children born to immigrant families is rising faster than any other population in the United States, with 7.1% of foreign born being under the age of 18 (US Census, 2012). Accord ing to data from the 2012 United State Census, California is home to one fourth of the total number of people who are foreign born. Schools located in immigrant communities are unlikely to have sufficient bilingual and English as a second language (ESL) teachers as well as other resources needed to integrate children into the American school system (Garcia, Jensen Scribner, 2009). With changes in student diversity one must question if changes should be made to teacher training to betterShow MoreRelatedThe Increasing Number Of English Language Learners3584 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract The increasing number of English language learners has triggered great attention on how to teach academic content and literacy to English language learners in elementary and middle school classrooms. This article takes four instructions into account aiming at school practitioners involving vocabulary, writing, reading and collaborative conversation. 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The complexities are the outcome of the rise of the assumptions of so many theories, approaches, methods and hypotheses that dominate d this field , especially beginning from1940s and up till now. Today there are innumerable assumptions for approaches and methods that relate to language learning and teaching. All of them claim to be the right approach for learning and teaching a language. In the midst of these situations, foreign language teachers findRead MoreThe Five Peer-Reviewed Articles, In This Paper, Investigate1496 Words   |  6 Pagesin this paper, investigate how changes in language acquisition are measured and how new regulations, in the United States academic standards, affect test practices and test development. New educational ideals have been developed and put in place to help teachers accomplish the task of content evaluation during final exams. 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In the United States, there has been an increase in in the number of children from Spanish speaking backgrounds. The English Language Learners, commonly known as ELL’s, are being placed in Special Education without being properly tested for a learning disability. However there are a large number of ELL’s with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability and are over looked. Many schoolRead MoreImportance Of Errors In English Language1617 Words   |  7 Pagessecond language learner not to have errors. As Corder (1967) mention in his study, errors are significant in three ways. First, to the teacher, in that errors show indicate that how much the learner progressed in the term. Second, they provide evidence to the researchers that how the learners acquire a language and what strategies they use in learning a language. Thirdly, they are undeniable to the learners themselves because we can respect the making of errors as a device the learner uses to

Conducts an in-Depth Analysis on Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Conducts an in-Depth Analysis on Accounting. Answer: Introduction: The report mainly evaluates the significance of management and financial accounting, which are used by companies to make adequate decisions. In addition, the study also focuses on evaluating the significance of latest softwares that could improve the financial growth decision of an organization. Furthermore, the study also shows the overall classification of cost, which might help organizations in making adequate decisions. In addition, the novices with the help of examples are able to portray the objective of preparing budgets, standard cost and variance analysis. Lastly, the study sheds light on favourable and adverse variances of budget, which might help organizations in making budgets that are more suitable for its future growth. Evaluating the need for investing in the latest software of management accounting as well as financial accounting in an organisation: In addition, with the help of latest softwares in management and financial accounting J Sainsbury Company could effectively increase the efficiency of the report generated by accounting software. Moreover, the boost in technology has mainly helped in increasing the overall accuracy of analyzing the demand and sales on particular seasons. Furthermore, with the help of this advanced softwares Sainsbury could effectively minimize the overall expenditure and maximize its profitability. Gogus and Ozer (2014) argued that continuous investments in latest softwares could increase the overall expenditure of the company and might affect its cash reserves. However, Boulianne (2014) stated that adoption of latest technology in the business could help in improving the overall decision-making process and might increase investment scope of an organization. Financial accounting Management accounting It mainly helps in communicating financial position of the company It helps in the decision making process of the company It is a mandatory system that need to be adopted by organist ions It is not mandatory for organizations Financial accounting mainly regulates under GAAP, IAS and IFRS It is does not have any kind of guidelines or regulations Its only portrays the past transactions conducted by the company It mainly portrays the overall future growth estimated by the company It is prepared for external audience like shareholder, government etc of an organization It is mainly prepared for internal directors committee of a organizations Table 1: Showing the difference between financial and management accounting (Source: Taipaleenmaki and Ikaheimo 2013) Evaluating the significance of classifying costs on the basis of behaviour, function, relevance and types in business decision making: Estimating and evaluating cost in organization is a significant role, which mainly helps companies to survive in the competitive market. In addition, with the help of cost classifications companies are able to evaluate the overall expenditure conducted on different levels. In this context, Drury (2013) stated that organizations with the help of cost classifications companies are able to effectively price their products and maintain the competitive edge in the market. On the other hand, Mensink et al. (2013) criticized that wrong classification of cost could results in loss and might reduce the overall capital invested by the company. Figure 1: Showing the different Cost classification in a manufacturing organization (Source: Lopez et al. 2015) With the help of figure 1, the overall different costs that are conducted in a manufacturing company can be effectively evaluated. In addition, these classifications mainly help in evaluating the different cost, which are currently conducted by the company. Huynh et al. (2014) stated that cost classification also help management to make adequate investment and expansion decisions, which might help in improving productivity of the organization. Refer to appendix 1 for examples of cost classification. The main significance of cost classifications are as follows: Reduction in excess expenditure: In addition, with the help of cost classifications on different organizations are able to segregate the indirect and direct costs that are related to production. Moreover, theses segregation mainly helps in reducing excess expenditure conducted by the company. Lopez et al. (2012) mentioned that companies that use cost classifications effectively are able to reduce their expenditure and maximize their profits from sales. However, Wang et al. (2014) argued that cost classification is an expensive process, which is mainly conducted by organizations to manage their uncontrolled expenditure. Increase efficiency of the decisions making process: Furthermore, with the help of effective cost classifications manufacturing companies are able to evaluate different costs situated within the levels of production. In addition, cost classification also helps the management to make adequate decisions regarding adoption of new machinery or budgeting process to reduce the overall rising costs. Marshall et al. (2011) mentioned that cost classification mainly help companies to make adequate expansion plans, which might help in increasing their revenue generation capacity. On the contrary, Pan et al. (2015) argued that during an economic crises cost classification could lose its friction due to the rising expenditure and low revenue generated by the company. ABC being a manufacturing company has both direct and indirect cost, which helps in generating the required revenue. However, cost classification could help ABC Company to make adequate decisions in reducing its overall expenditure on non-productive activities. Furthermore, it could be effectively concluded that ABC Company could increase efficiency of its decisions and reduce excess expenditure conducted in its manufacturing process. Evaluating the objectives of preparing budgets with appropriate examples of operational budgets: Budgets are an essential part of planning, which help companies to identify the required liquidity needed in their production function. In addition, budget also helps in reducing the overall expenditure and improves profitability of the company. In this context, Taft et al. (2013) stated that with the help of budget companies are able in effectively managing their liquidity and productivity, which in turn increases their capacity to make sustainable profits. On the other hand, Li and Dong (2014) criticized that change in future inflation rate is not included in budgets, which in might raise projected expenditure and reduce profits of the company. Moreover, the objectives of budgets are as follows. Predicting future cash flows: The main objective of preparing budgets is to predict the future cash flows that could be conducted by the company. In addition, the estimations of future cash flows mainly help the company in maintaining the required funds, which could help in supporting adequate level of productivity. Joshua and Mohammed (2013) stated that projected cash flow from budgets mainly help companies to make relevant marketing decisions, which in turn increases its profitability and customer base. On the other hand, Berman (2015) criticized that budgets could lose its friction during an economic crisis, which in turn might reduce revenue generation capacity of the company. Evaluating Scenarios: Furthermore, with the help of budget companies are able to determine different courses, which could be taken to reduce risk from external environments. In addition, budgets also help in preparing the companies for the worst-case scenario that could negatively affect its productivity. On the contrary, Raudla (2013) mentioned that budgets only evaluates financial outcomes and does not consider external factors, which might negatively affect operation of the company. Measuring performance: In addition, with the help of budget companies are able to measure their overall performance. Moreover, companies mainly use variance analysis to measure difference between actual and budgetary figures, which in turn helps in evaluating accuracy of its budgeting process. In this context, Li and Dong (2014) argued that variance analysis is losing its friction as companies are using budgetary slack method to modify their budget and achieve targeted objectives. On the other hand, Arbatli and Escolano (2015) cited that increased variance could hamper productivity of the organization, which in might project the incompetency of its budgeting team. Allocating financial resource: Moreover, budgets also help companies to make adequate financial resource allocation decisions, which mainly help them to make the required productivity level. On the other hand, Joshua and Mohammed (2013) criticized that viability and authenticity of the budget conducted hampered if inexperienced executives have prepared it. However, Berman (2015) mentioned that sound budget could only be prepared if companies have not used any unethical measures in preparing their financials report. Income Actual Budget Difference Sales Sales - Qtr 1 45,000 48,000 (3,000) Sales - Qtr 2 37,000 44,000 (7,000) Sales - Qtr 3 44,000 48,000 (4,000) Sales - Qtr 4 55,000 53,000 2,000 Other - Total Sales 181,000 193,000 (12,000) Cost of Goods Beginning Inventory 12,000 14,000 (2,000) Goods Purchased or Manufactured 33,000 30,000 3,000 Shipping Charges 3,500 2,500 1,000 Labour (wages and payroll) 22,000 21,000 1,000 Other 2,300 1,800 500 Less Ending Inventory 14,000 10,000 4,000 Cost of Goods Sold 58,800 59,300 (500) Gross Profit 122,200 133,700 (11,500) Total INCOME 122,200 133,700 (11,500) EXPENSES Operating Expenses Advertising 1,500 1,000 500 Depreciation 2,300 2,300 - Insurance 4,000 3,500 500 Office Supplies 1,200 1,500 (300) Rent 3,600 4,000 (400) Salaries and Wages 12,000 12,500 (500) Other 3,600 3,800 (200) Total Operating Expenses 28,200 28,600 (400) Net Profit 94,000 105,100 (11,100) Table 2: Showing the example of operational budget (Source: As created by author) Determining how standard costs are used for variance analysis and discussing about favourable and adverse variances: Variance analysis is mainly conducted to evaluate the difference between actual and budgeted amount of an organization. In addition, companies use standard costing method, when actual costs are hard to derive. Furthermore, standard costing method is mainly used by manufacturing companies to derive the actual cost of production, which in turn might help in evaluating the profits derived in current fiscal year. In this context, Badem et al. (2013) suggested that standard cost method help organizations to make effective production budget and allocate adequate funds in the manufacturing process. On the other hand, Oker and AdÄ ±guzel (2016) criticized that some companies uses unethical measure in creating favourable variance to achieve targeted goals. Moreover, standard costing is mainly used as a base, which helps variance analysis to compare the actual costs of the company. Standard Cost for Tamer Manufacturing Company Particulars Per unit Amount Amount Material 10 1.8 18 Labour 6 hours 5.5 33 Overhead 4 hours 6 24 Total 20 13.3 75 Actual Cost Particulars Per unit Amount Amount Materials 1 9 2 18 Labour 7 5 35 Overhead 3 5.4 16.2 Total 19 12.4 69.2 Material Usage Variance -2 Unfavourable Labour Efficiency Variance 3 Favourable Variable Overheads Efficiency 2.4 Favourable Total variance 18 Favourable Table 3: Showing the example of Standard Cost (Source: As created by author) Table 3, mainly helps in evaluating the different variance that are favourable or unfavourable for Tamer Manufacturing Company. In addition, standard costing also uses favourable and adverse variance to determine the overall viability of cost conducted by the company. Furthermore, with help of favourable variance analysis the company is able in effectively maintaining its productivity and liquidity. On the other hand, CPA and Shi (2016) criticized that some companies uses unethical measures in their standard costing process, which in turn inflates their balance sheet. However, Oker and AdÄ ±guzel (2016) stated that with the help of standard costing method manufacturing companies are able to prepare adequate budgets, which help in maintaining the required level of productivity. The manipulation in standard cost might provide favourable variance, but negatively affect profit generation capacity of the company. Moreover, adverse variance mainly helps the company to reduce their overall cost of production, which in turn might help in improving its overall profitability. In addition, the adverse variance analysis mainly indicates the incompetency of the accountant in determining the standard cost of a particular production process. Badem et al. (2013) cited that unfavorable variance analysis motivates the organization to make suitable changes in their administrative department, which could help in supporting its future endeavours. On the other hand, CPA and Shi (2016) criticized that standard costing loses its friction due to intense competition, which eventual reduces profitability of the company and hamper its future endeavours. Conclusion: The study mainly helps in evaluating different cost and budgeting process that could be used by companies to increase their productivity. In addition, the report also sheds light on the use of latest financial and management accounting software. Furthermore, the novice effectively evaluates the significance of cost classification, which could help in reducing overall cost of production. Moreover, the assignment also provides details on the objective of preparing budgets and an effective example of operational budget. Lastly, the novice provides details on impact of standard cost in variance analysis, which could help companies determine favourable and adverse variances. Reference: Arbatli, E. and Escolano, J., 2015. Fiscal transparency, fiscal performance and credit ratings.Fiscal Studies,36(2), pp.237-270. Badem, A.C., Ergin, E. and Drury, C., 2013. Is standard costing still used? Evidence from Turkish automotive industry.International Business Research,6(7), p.79. Berman, L., 2015.The Office of Management and Budget and the presidency, 1921-1979. Princeton University Press. Boulianne, E., 2014. Impact of accounting software utilization on students' knowledge acquisition: An important change in accounting education.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(1), pp.22-48. CPA, A.B. and Shi, Y., 2016. Leaning Away From Standard Costing.Strategic Finance,97(12), p.38. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Gogus, C.G. and Ozer, G., 2014. The Roles of Technology Acceptance Model Antecedents and Switching Cost on Accounting Software Use.Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal,17(1), p.1.sss Huynh, D., Laeyendecker, O. and Brookmeyer, R., 2014. A serial risk score approach to disease classification that accounts for accuracy and cost.Biometrics,70(4), pp.1042-1051. Joshua, O. and Mohammed, N.A., 2013. Budget Target Setting and Effective Performance Measurement in Nigerian Hospitality Industry.Journal of Finance Economics,1(3), pp.39-50. Li, X. and Dong, H., 2014. On the Preparation and Implementation of Research Budget in Agricultural Institutes.Asian Agricultural Research,6(8), p.98. Lopez, V., del Ro, S., Bentez, J.M. and Herrera, F., 2015. Cost-sensitive linguistic fuzzy rule based classification systems under the MapReduce framework for imbalanced big data.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,258, pp.5-38. Lpez, V., Fernndez, A., Moreno-Torres, J.G. and Herrera, F., 2012. 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Fiscal retrenchment in Estonia during the financial crisis: The role of institutional factors.Public Administration,91(1), pp.32-50. Taft, M.K., Hosein, Z.Z., Mehrizi, S.M.T. and Roshan, A., 2013. The relation between financial literacy, financial wellbeing and financial concerns.International Journal of Business and Management,8(11), p.63. Taipaleenmaki, J. and Ikaheimo, S., 2013. On the convergence of management accounting and financial accountingthe role of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.321-348. Wang, J., Zhao, P. and Hoi, S.C., 2014. Cost-sensitive online classification.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,26(10), pp.2425-2438.